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Museum
A museum (/mjuˈziːəm/; ''myoo-zee-um'') is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.〔Edward Porter Alexander, Mary Alexander; 〕 Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public. The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.
Some of the most attended museums include the Louvre in Paris, the National Museum of China in Beijing, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., the British Museum in London, the National Gallery in London and The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. There are many types of museums, including art museums, natural history museums, science museums, war museums and children's museums.
As of the 2010s, the continuing acceleration in the digitization of information, combined with the increasing capacity of digital information storage, is causing the traditional model of museums (i.e. as static bricks-and-mortar "collections of collections" of three-dimensional specimens and artifacts) to expand to include virtual exhibits and high-resolution images of their collections that patrons can peruse, study, and explore from any place with Internet. The city with the largest number of museums is Mexico City with over 128 museums. According to The World Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries.〔(Frequently Asked Questions ) - The World Museum Community〕
==Etymology==
The English "museum" comes from the Latin word, and is pluralized as "museums" (or rarely, "musea"). It is originally from the Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (''Mouseion''), which denotes a place or temple dedicated to the Muses (the patron divinities in Greek mythology of the arts), and hence a building set apart for study and the arts, especially the Musaeum (institute) for philosophy and research at Alexandria by Ptolemy I Soter about 280 BCE.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Ptolemy I Soter, The First King of Ancient Egypt's Ptolemaic Dynasty )〕 The first museum/library is considered to be the one of Plato in Athens.〔(Mouseion, def. 3 ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', at Perseus〕 However, Pausanias gives another place called "Museum," namely a small hill in Classical Athens opposite the Akropolis. The hill was called Mouseion after Mousaious, a man who used to sing on the hill and died there of old age and was subsequently buried there as well.〔Peter Levi, ''Pausanias Guide to Greece 1: Central Greece'', p. 72-73 (Paus. 1.25.2)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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